Refractive error of canine cataract patients following implantation with three types of intraocular lenses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate refractive state outcomes following phacoemulsification and implantation of 3 different intraocular lenses (IOLs). ANIMALS: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 43 client-owned dogs undergoing phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. METHODS: Eyes were randomized to receive either an-vision Fo-X (n = 26), an-vision MD8 (18), or I-MED I-LENS (24) IOL. Refraction was measured 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively using streak retinoscopy by 2 examiners masked to each other's results. RESULTS: Postoperative refractive outcomes were highly correlated and not significantly different between 2 examiners for all time points (r = 0.97, 0.98, and 1.00; P = .76, .94, and .98, respectively). One week postoperatively, the refractive errors (mean ± SD) for Fo-X, MD8, and I-LENS were -0.14 ± 2.02 diopters (D), 0.97 ± 2.01 D, and 0.15 ± 2.55 D, respectively. One month postoperatively, the refractive errors were 0.35 ± 2.04 D, 0.06 ± 2.41 D, and -0.82 ± 2.20 D, respectively. Three months postoperatively, the refractive errors were -0.16 ± 2.67 D, 1.60 ± 2.99 D, and 0.59 ± 1.51 D, respectively. There were no significant differences in refractive error outcomes between Fo-X, MD8, and I-LENS at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively (P = .16; F(df=2,66)- = 1.89). However, the Fo-X was the only IOL to yield nearly emmetropic outcomes (±0.50 D) at all 3 time points. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The postoperative refractive states of dogs were not statistically different when comparing 3 types of IOLs at 3 postoperative time points, though the Fo-X was the only IOL to yield nearly emmetropic outcomes at all 3 time points.

Diagnosis, management, and outcome of an intralenticular foreign body in a dog: A case report.

Background: Intra-lenticular foreign bodies are rare in veterinary medicine and uncommon in human medicine. Approximately 50% of perforating ocular injuries in canines have lenticular involvement. Treatment choices include conservative management and surgical options. Retained intra-lenticular foreign body with delayed removal has not been reported in animals. Case Description: A 3-year-old male neutered Lurcher presented with right-sided ocular discomfort and a sealed full-thickness corneal perforation. The full ophthalmic examination could not be performed at the initial presentation due to miosis. Recrudescence of anterior uveitis was seen post-drug cessation. Re-evaluation of the eye with a mydriatic pupil revealed an intra-lenticular foreign body. Surgical removal via phacoemulsification was performed 8 weeks after the initial perforating injury. The eye remains visual, comfortable, and normotensive 50 months post-operatively. Conclusion: This is the first report of an encapsulated, retained intra-lenticular foreign body with delayed removal in a dog. Mydriasis and repeat examinations are of crucial importance when evaluating eyes post-perforation.

Comparison of the outcomes of phacoemulsification versus topical medication alone in canine diabetic cataracts: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Long-term comparisons of phacoemulsification with topical medication are limited in canine diabetic cataracts. OBJECTIVES: To compare outcomes of eyes submitted to phacoemulsification with those of topical medication for canine diabetic cataracts and identify risk factors for complications. METHODS: Through medical records review, 150 eyes (76 dogs) with diabetic cataracts were included; 58 eyes (31 dogs) underwent phacoemulsification (phaco-group) and 92 eyes (48 dogs) received ophthalmic solution alone (medication-group). The medication-group was divided into owner-led and vet-led groups depending on who elected not to perform surgery. Comparisons involved time-to-complications, vision, and the number and type of ophthalmic solutions administered. The association between complications and pretreatment clinical findings was investigated. RESULTS: No difference was found in complication risk between the phaco and owner-led medication groups. Conversely, the vet-led medication-group had a higher complication risk than the other groups. At the last follow-up, 94.8% of the phaco-group had vision, whereas 7.6% of the medication-group restored some visual axis. Poor glycemic control in the medication-group and younger age in the phaco-group increased complication risk. At 1-year post-treatment, the average number of ophthalmic solutions administered was 1.7 and 2.6 in the phaco and medication groups, respectively. The medication-group used anti-inflammatories the most throughout the follow-up, whereas the phaco-group used anti-inflammatories the most until 1-year post-treatment and lacrimostimulants at 1.5-year post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: For canine diabetic cataracts, phacoemulsification is recommended because it is superior to topical management alone in terms of maintaining vision and reducing the number of ophthalmic solutions required in the long term.

Phacoemulsification in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera).

Background: A cataract is one of the underlying causes of blindness in animals. Phacoemulsification is the standard procedure in cataract surgery for humans and animals. This procedure has been used to restore vision in cataracts in a variety of animals. However, this technique is difficult in very small animals, such as rodents, due to their small eyes. Case Description: A 4-year-old male domestic chinchilla was presented with cloudiness in the lenses for 1 month. The ophthalmic examination revealed cataracts (oculus uterque: both eyes). Positive dazzle reflex oculus sinister; left eye (OS) and negative reflex oculus dexter; right eye (OD) were noted. The electroretinography was low amplitude OS whereas a flat waveform presented OD. In this case, cataract surgery was performed using phacoemulsification without intraocular lens implantation OS. Postoperative, the chinchilla was alert and could jump on and jump off the ledge in a house. When the veterinarian approached closely to OS, the chinchilla displayed an erect body posture and open eyes, whereas the chinchilla was ignored when the veterinarian doing the same OD. The chinchilla was alert and had improved vision observe by this chinchilla can jump on and jump off the ledge in his house throughout the follow-up period 18 months later. Conclusion: In this chinchilla, phacoemulsification was successfully performed and resulted in better overall vision. The chinchilla was alert and could jump on and jump off the ledge in a house after cataract surgery throughout the follow-up period of 18 months.

Intraoperative management of axial posterior capsular opacities during cataract surgery in six dogs.

Background: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a cause of decreased vision after canine cataract surgery. PCO can appear in the months following surgery but can also be present at the time of surgery. Aims: To describe the intraoperative management of marked axial PCO during canine cataract surgery through a retrospective case series study of six cases. Methods: Six dogs (six eyes) with cataracts were included in this study. A complete ophthalmologic examination including electroretinography and ocular ultrasound was performed. After conventional phacoemulsification, a marked PCO obstructing the visual axis was found in five cases, previously diagnosed by ultrasound in the sixth. An axial posterior capsulorhexis (APC) was performed in all cases, before or after implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL). For the four cases implanted before APC, the posterior capsule (PC) was visualized either by positioning the IOL laterally in the bag with viscoelastic or through the optic of the implant. After perforation of the PC with a 30-Gauge needle, APC was initiated with Vannas curved scissors, then finalized with Utrata forceps to obtain a circular axial opening (3 mm diameter). In each case, a moderate anterior vitrectomy was performed through the APC (under the IOL when initially placed), then the IOL centered and the viscoelastic was removed. Results: Six dogs (Beagle, German Shepherd, Cavalier King Carles, French pointing dog, American bully, Beagle Harrier) aged 11 to 94 months (mean 51.8) were included. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 months (range 10-22). Visual function with capsular axial transparency and well-centered IOL, without complications during the follow-up period, was preserved for each eye. Conclusion: APC combined with moderate anterior vitrectomy appears to be effective in the treatment of marked axial PCO obstructing the visual axis during canine cataract surgery.

Eye trauma from a cat scratch with retention of the claw in the anterior chamber in a dog.

Background: Cat scratches and ocular foreign bodies are frequent reasons for consultation in veterinary ophthalmology. Case Description: We here present an unusual case combining trauma to the cornea and lens by a cat scratch with retention of the claw in the anterior chamber. Management consisted of the removal of the claw, reconstruction of the cornea, and mechanized ablation of the lens by phacoemulsification with implantation of an artificial lens. Conclusion: The progression during the follow-up period was considered satisfactory, with positive responses to visual tests and intraocular pressure within the norms. Only dyscoria and a tear of the endothelium and Descemet membrane, secondary to the trauma, remained.

Retrospective study of postoperative intraocular pressure and complications in phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and phacoemulsification alone in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Long-term comparative data of phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) versus phacoemulsification (phaco) alone in dogs are rare. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of ECP on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications after phaco in dogs with normal IOP. METHODS: Medical records of IOP, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, aqueous flare, posterior synechia, intraocular fibrin, and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation in 15 canine eyes that underwent phaco-ECP and 36 eyes that underwent phaco alone were evaluated retrospectively. ECP was applied when either the iridocorneal angle or the ciliary cleft was narrow or closed. RESULTS: The IOP of the phaco-ECP group persisted within the normal range postoperatively. The phaco-ECP group had a shorter period of dorzolamide use than did the phaco group. PCO was formed earlier in the phaco-ECP group than in the phaco group. The phaco-ECP group showed more severe corneal edema than the phaco group at every follow-up visit. Posterior synechia was more severe in the phaco-ECP group than in the phaco group from two weeks until the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although ECP might cause more postoperative complications such as corneal edema and posterior synechia, it could effectively reduce the incidence of IOP increase after phaco in dogs with a high risk of postoperative glaucoma.

Posterior lens capsule rupture in non-diabetic canine cataracts: Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative findings.

PURPOSE: To describe clinical features of non-diabetic canine cataracts with presumed pre-existing posterior capsule rupture (PLCR) and their surgical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical records of 497 non-diabetic canines that underwent elective cataract surgery were reviewed. Twelve canines met the inclusion criteria indicative of PLCR pre-dating surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of presumed pre-existing PLCR was 12/497 (2.4%). Cataracts included were unilateral in 10 out of 12 canines (83.3%) and bilateral in the remaining two (16.7%). Four eyes (28.6%) had clinically detectable pre-operative lens-induced uveitis. The mean age at cataract diagnosis for cases included was 6.6 years, and golden retrievers were the most common breed affected (28.6%). Phacoemulsification surgery was performed at a median time of 110 days (range 17-403 days) after presentation. Pre-existing PLCR was found intra-operatively as a large ellipse spanning the posterior capsule from equator to equator centrally in 12 eyes and peripherally in two eyes. The capsular defect in all eyes with PLCR incorporated a distinct "pseudo-capsule" preventing vitreal presentation and ruling out intraoperative surgeon rupture. Ten eyes (71.4%) received an intraocular lens implant (IOL), and 13 eyes (92.9%) maintained vision throughout a mean follow-up period of 12 months. CONCLUSION: Posterior lens capsule rupture of blunt trauma origin and associated cataract formation, as reported in humans, may also be an infrequent but distinct cause of some cases of non-diabetic canine cataracts. Medical management of phacolytic uveitis and delayed phacoemulsification surgery may be beneficial by allowing time for "pseudo-capsule" development, increasing the likelihood of IOL placement and improved visual outcomes.

Retrospective investigation of perioperative risk factors for immediate postoperative corneal erosions in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the incidence, contributing risk factors, and healing characteristics of immediate postoperative corneal erosions (IPCE) in dogs undergoing routine phacoemulsification. ANIMALS STUDIED: Medical records of 313 canine eyes (159 dogs) undergoing routine phacoemulsification surgery. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs undergoing planned cataract surgery at UW Veterinary Care were retrospectively reviewed. Patient-related variables including age, skull conformation, diabetes status, and cataract stage at the time of surgery were recorded. Intraoperative variables per eye were also recorded including surgical technique, surgeon expertise level, average phacoemulsification power, and phacoemulsification time. Diagnosis of IPCE ≤ 24 h after completion of surgery and time to IPCE healing were recorded where follow-up data were available. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative corneal erosions were observed in 48/313 (15.3%) operated eyes. The presence of diabetes mellitus or brachycephalic skull conformation, preoperative Schirmer tear test (STT) value, surgical technique and surgeon experience level, phacoemulsification time, and absolute phacoemulsification time were not statistically significant risk factors for IPCE. Average phacoemulsification power was associated with IPCE (RR 1.52, p = .001). Time to IPCE healing was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic dogs (median [IQR] 8 [6-11] days and 8 [6-15] days, respectively). Diabetes mellitus, brachycephaly, and phacoemulsification parameters were not associated with IPCE healing at 7 or 14 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher average phacoemulsification power may be associated with the development of IPCE in canine eyes. The presence of diabetes mellitus or brachycephaly are not risk factors for the development of IPCE, nor are they factors that influence IPCE healing.

Endocyclophotocoagulation by pars plana approach in the management of refractory glaucoma with prior phacoemulsification and Ahmed gonioimplantation in a dog.

PURPOSE: To describe successful intraocular pressure control of refractory glaucoma and vision preservation with an endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) procedure by pars plana approach. ANIMAL STUDIED: An 8-year-old, female-spayed, mixed-breed goniodysgenic dog with glaucoma following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement (IOL) refractory to maximized medical therapy and Ahmed gonioimplantation in both eyes (OU). PROCEDURES: For the first glaucoma interventional surgery, bilateral goniovalve implantation was performed following cataract surgery. A goniovalve was implanted in the left eye (OS) 2-days post-phacoemulsification, and 14-days post-phacoemulsification in the right eye (OD). Short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control was achieved. However, glaucoma recurred 41-days post-phacoemulsification OU, and an endocyclophotocoagulation by pars plana approach was performed OU to treat 300° of the ciliary body with a 23-gauge argon laser endoscope. RESULTS: Th ECP pars plana approach was successful in obtaining IOP-control and vision preservation during a 15-month follow-up period. No intraoperative complications were encountered. Short-term postoperative complications included intraocular inflammation with fibrin and postoperative ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure-control and vision preservation were maintained at the last follow-up examination, 15 months postoperative pars plana ECP. CONCLUSION: Endocyclophotocoagulation by pars plana approach achieved long-term (>1 year) IOP-control, preserved vision, and reduced the number of anti-glaucoma medications following failure of previous Ahmed gonioimplantation for uncontrolled glaucoma. This is the first case report of an endocyclophotocoagulation procedure by a pars plana approach for uncontrolled glaucoma following Ahmed gonioplantation. With the appropriate skill set, this novel surgical approach can be considered as a surgical intervention for glaucoma in canine patients.

Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of conjunctival and intraocular bacteria in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification following a standardized aseptic preparation with 0.5% povidone iodine.

PURPOSE: To evaluate bacterial contamination of conjunctiva and aqueous humor in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification following asepsis with 0.5% povidone iodine and determine the influence of intravenous antibiotics on outcome of contamination. METHODS: Client-owned dogs were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to a control group, receiving 22 mg/kg intravenous cefazolin at induction prior to sampling, or experimental group receiving no antibiotic prior to sampling, masked to the surgeon. Dogs receiving antimicrobials in the pre-operative period were excluded. Asepsis was performed on all operated eyes using 0.5% iodine with minimum 3 min contact time at induction of anesthesia and repeated before surgery. A conjunctival swab and aqueous humor sample were collected prior to incision and following incision closure, respectively. Samples were submitted for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture and susceptibility. RESULTS: Seventy-one eyes of 42 dogs were included. Median age was 9 years. Thirty-nine and 32/71 eyes received intravenous cefazolin and no antibiotic, respectively. Median procedure time was 40 min per eye. Conjunctival cultures were positive in 6 eyes (8.5%): Serratia marcescens (5 eyes) and Cutibacterium acnes (1 eye). Aqueous humor cultures were positive in 5 eyes (7.0%): S. marcescens (2 eyes), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 eyes), Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (1 eye). Prevalence of positive culture did not differ between groups (p = .74), order of eyes for bilateral procedures (p = .74) and diabetic status (p = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial contamination of the conjunctiva and aqueous humor was present in 8.5% and 7.0% of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification after asepsis. Lack of IV cefazolin was not significantly associated with positive culture.

Prophylactic efficacy of intravenous paracetamol administration to reduce the incidence of post-operative ocular hypertension in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification: A pilot study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether intravenous administration of paracetamol can prevent postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) in dogs following routine phacoemulsification. METHODS: Diabetic and non-diabetic patients (total 54 dogs) undergoing unilateral or bilateral phacoemulsification were recruited to this placebo-controlled, prospective study. The control group received 1 ml/kg saline via intravenous infusion while the treatment group received 10 mg/kg paracetamol via intravenous infusion. Infusions were administered 30 min prior to surgery and repeated 12 h following initial administration. All patients received topical latanoprost at the conclusion of surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before premedication (baseline), and at 1 h, 3 h, 5 h and 18 h following extubation. POH was defined as an IOP above 25 mmHg (POH25). In addition, the number of patients with an IOP exceeding 20 mmHg was analyzed (POH20). RESULTS: POH20 occurred in 33 of 54 animals (61.1%), including 19 of 25 animals (76.0%) in the control group and 14 of 29 animals (55.2%) in the treatment group. POH25 occurred in 23 of 44 animals (52.3%), including 13 of 25 animals (52.0%) in the control group and 10 of 29 animals (34.5%) in the treatment group. Paracetamol administration showed a significant positive effect on reducing the incidence of POH20 (p = .048), but not POH25 (p = .221). CONCLUSIONS: When comparing groups, treatment with paracetamol showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of POH20, although no differences were observed in the incidence of POH25 between groups. Further studies are warranted to explore whether alternative drug regimes or routes of administration can provide enhanced efficacy in the prevention of POH25.

Retrospective Study of Long-Term Outcome of Phacoemulsification in 22 Feline Eyes with Presumed Congenital/Juvenile Cataracts (2007-2020).

The objective of this study was to determine the complication risk and prevalence after phacoemulsification in cats with presumed congenital/inherited cataracts. Twelve client-owned cats were included in the study. This retrospective study spanned 13 yr and involved 22 eyes. The median age at the time of surgery was 15 mo (range: 4.5-168 mo of age). Recorded complications were 3 eyes developed postoperative ocular hypertension, 1 eye developed glaucoma, 7 eyes developed feline herpes virus-1 signs, and 7 eyes developed postoperative uveitis >2 wk after surgery. No eyes had developed intraocular sarcomas at the time of their last exam. All eyes remained visual at last follow-up (range: 0.5-121 mo). Success was defined as a comfortable and visual eye without intraocular neoplasia, glaucoma, a partial or complete retinal detachment, or uveitis that occurred >2 wk after surgery or persisted longer than 2 wk. Twenty-one out of 22 eyes had a successful outcome. In this study, cats with presumed congenital/juvenile cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification had an excellent outcome.

Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a Canada lynx with phacoclastic uveitis.

A 4-year-old male Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) was referred to the ophthalmology service at the University of Saskatchewan with a 7-month history of cataract and chronic phacoclastic uveitis secondary to penetrating trauma from a lynx claw. Ophthalmic examination of the right eye revealed a corneal scar, marked aqueous flare, extensive fibrovascular membranes extending from the iris to the lens, anterior and posterior synechiae, immature cataract, and anterior vitritis; the fundus was not visible. Phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation using a custom lens of D+46 and 14 mm (An-vision, West Jordan, Utah, USA) was performed. Post-operative medications included sub-conjunctival injections of atropine, cefazolin, and triamcinolone, and oral doxycycline and prednisolone. At the 5-month follow-up, the uveitis was controlled, and a normal fundus was visualized; at 21 mo, the eye remained comfortable and visual. This is the first case report to describe phacoemulsification in a wild felid as a treatment for a traumatic cataract and severe phacoclastic uveitis. Key clinical message: Despite chronic phacoclastic uveitis, phacoemulsification surgery can provide a positive outcome for mature wild felids with traumatic lens rupture, even when topical treatment cannot be administered.

Phacoémulsification et implantation de lentilles intraoculaires chez un lynx du Canada atteint d'uvéite phacoclastique. Un lynx du Canada mâle de 4 ans (Lynx canadensis) a été référé au service d'ophtalmologie de l'University of Saskatchewan avec une histoire de 7 mois de cataracte et d'uvéite phacoclastique chronique secondaire à un traumatisme pénétrant d'une griffe de lynx. L'examen ophtalmique de l'oeil droit a révélé une cicatrice cornéenne, un phénomène de Tyndall marqué, des membranes fibrovasculaires étendues s'étendant de l'iris au cristallin, des synéchies antérieure et postérieure, une cataracte immature et une vitreite antérieure; le fond d'oeil n'était pas visible. Une chirurgie de phacoémulsification et une implantation de lentille intraoculaire à l'aide d'une lentille personnalisée de D+46 et 14 mm (An-vision, West Jordan, Utah, USA) ont été réalisées. Les médicaments postopératoires comprenaient des injections sous-conjonctivales d'atropine, de céfazoline et de triamcinolone, ainsi que de la doxycycline et de la prednisolone par voie orale. Au suivi à 5 mois, l'uvéite était contrôlée et un fond d'oeil normal était visualisé; à 21 mois, l'oeil restait confortable et visuel. Il s'agit du premier rapport de cas décrivant la phacoémulsification chez un félin sauvage comme traitement d'une cataracte traumatique et d'une uvéite phacoclastique sévère.Message clinique clé:Malgré l'uvéite phacoclastique chronique, la chirurgie de phacoémulsification peut donner un résultat positif pour les félins sauvages matures présentant une rupture traumatique du cristallin, même lorsqu'un traitement topique ne peut pas être administré.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Retrospective evaluation of phacoemulsification and aspiration in 182 eyes: Visual outcomes and CDE-predictive value.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) on complications and visual outcome following cataract surgery in dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED: Records of 182 canine eyes that had undergone cataract surgery. PROCEDURES: Retrospective medical record review was conducted on dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral elective cataract surgery by a single surgeon. Preoperative variables such as age, cataract duration, and pre-existing conditions were recorded. Intraoperative variables such as intraocular lens (IOL) status, phacoemulsification time, average power, irrigation fluid volume, and CDE were recorded. Postoperative complications and visual status at last follow-up were compared to these variables. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of dogs were visual in one or both eyes at last follow-up (LFU) examination. Median follow-up time was 186 days postoperatively. Eyes that developed glaucoma had a significantly greater mean CDE (77.73 ± 80.11) than eyes that did not develop glaucoma (49.21 ± 38.93). Eyes that remained visual at the LFU examination had a significantly lower mean CDE (48.31 ± 37.14) than eyes that were blind at LFU (82.05 ± 82.73). Significantly lower mean CDEs were found in diabetic eyes, younger eyes, early-operated eyes (<1 month duration), and eyes with preoperative lens-induced uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: Higher CDE may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative glaucoma and loss of vision in dogs. Cumulative dissipated energy may be a useful prognostic indicator for success of canine cataract surgery.

Successful bilateral phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in a Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus).

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 7-month-old hand-reared female Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) was evaluated for bilateral ocular opacity of 3 months' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: On physical examination, the wallaby was in good overall condition. An ophthalmic examination revealed mature cataracts in both eyes (OU). The cataracts were suspected to have a nutritional origin as it has been described in hand-reared macropods. Results of tonometry were normal OU. Results of CBC and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. The wallaby was premedicated with medetomidine and ketamine hydrochloride. Ocular ultrasonography performed while the wallaby was anesthetized revealed a thickened and opaque lens, mildly heterogeneous vitreous humor, and no sign of retinal detachment OU. An electroretinogram confirmed functional retinae OU. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Surgery was considered necessary for welfare reasons. Phacoemulsification and vitrectomy were performed without intraoperative complication. The wallaby recovered uneventfully, and systemic NSAID, topical corticosteroid, and systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy were prescribed. One year later, the animal had vision OU. Physical examination did not show any vision-threatening postoperative complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The etiology of nutritional cataracts is not fully understood in macropods, but this condition is rather common in these species. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of a successful bilateral phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in a Bennett's wallaby.

Keratometry, biometry, and prediction of intraocular lens power in adult tigers (Panthera tigris).

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the necessary pseudophakic intraocular lens (IOL) power to approximate emmetropia in adult tigers. ANIMALS: 17 clinically normal adult tigers. PROCEDURES: 33 eyes of 17 clinically normal adult tigers underwent routine ophthalmic examination and B-scan ultrasonography while anesthetized for unrelated procedures. Specific ultrasound data (globe measurements and corneal curvature) and estimated postoperative IOL positions were utilized to calculate predicted IOL power by use of Retzlaff and Binkhorst theoretical formulas. Applanation tonometry and refraction were also performed. RESULTS: Mean ± SD axial globe length was 29.36 ± 0.82 mm, preoperative anterior chamber depth was 7.00 ± 0.74 mm, and crystalline lens thickness was 8.72 ± 0.56 mm. Mean net refractive error (n = 33 eyes) was +0.27 ± 0.30 diopters (D). By use of the Retzlaff formula, mean predicted IOL power for the postoperative anterior chamber depth (PACD), PACD - 2 mm, and PACD + 2 mm was 43.72 ± 4.84 D, 37.62 ± 4.19 D, and 51.57 ± 5.72 D, respectively. By use of the Binkhorst equation, these values were 45.11 ± 4.91 D, 38.84 ± 4.25 D, and 53.18 ± 5.81 D, respectively. Mean intraocular pressure for all eyes was 14.7 ± 2.69 mm Hg. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The calculated tiger IOL was lower than reported values for adult domestic felids. Further studies evaluating actual PACD and pseudophakic refraction would help determine the appropriate IOL power to achieve emmetropia in this species.

The association of topical flurbiprofen with the incidence of postoperative glaucoma after phacoemulsification in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between topical administration of flurbiprofen plus corticosteroids versus corticosteroids alone following phacoemulsification and the development of postoperative glaucoma in dogs. ANIMAL STUDIED: Thirty-eight/eighty-three (45.8%) eyes were prescribed topical flurbiprofen plus corticosteroids immediately postop while 45/83 (54.2%) eyes received topical corticosteroids alone. PROCEDURES: Logistic regression models were performed to analyze the relationship between topical flurbiprofen and development of glaucoma and to predict potential risk factors for postoperative glaucoma occurrence. RESULTS: Eighty-three eyes (65 dogs) were included. The mean age at surgery was 8.2 years, with even gender distribution. Increasing age at the time of surgery significantly increased the probability of postoperative glaucoma occurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.344, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.093-1.652; p = 0.005). Glaucoma occurred in 17/83 (20.5%) eyes; of these, 15/38 (39.5%) and 2/45 (4.4%) eyes were prescribed topical flurbiprofen plus corticosteroids and topical corticosteroids alone, respectively. Immediate postoperative use of topical flurbiprofen was significantly associated with an increased probability of postoperative glaucoma occurrence (OR = 19.183 [95% CI 3.367-109.286], p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate postoperative use of topical flurbiprofen was a potential predisposing risk factor for the development of glaucoma following phacoemulsification. Restriction of postoperative use of topical flurbiprofen might decrease the possibility of postoperative glaucoma development in dogs.

Incisional Infection Postphacoemulsification in a Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis).

A 32-year-old captive female Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) was diagnosed with a hypermature resorbed cataract in the right eye and a mature cataract with phacolytic uveitis in the left eye. No other systemic or neurologic physical abnormalities were detected. The patient was considered blind from bilateral cataracts, and with a reduced quality of life, surgery was indicated to remove the mature cataract in the left eye. Before surgery, the phacolytic uveitis was treated in the left eye for 1 week with topical and systemic anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication. Unilateral phacoemulsification was performed on the left eye while under general anesthesia. The individual recovered uneventfully and regained vision in the left eye. The bird was returned to its enclosure 8 days after the surgical procedure. No abnormalities were noted in behavior or reintegration. Three weeks after the phacoemulsification was performed in the left eye, the individual presented with active uveitis, without vision loss, suspected secondary to incisional infection, which was managed with topical and systemic anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication. At day 41 the patient was discharged with no disease conditions affecting the left eye, and the flamingo's vision was considered significantly improved compared with initial presentation. Phacoemulsification was safe and effective in removing the lens, resolving phacolytic uveitis, and restoring vision in spite of the postsurgical incisional infection. Some adaptations in the surgical approach and medical management are recommended on the basis of morphology, feeding habits, and behavior of this aquatic avian species to avoid postsurgical incisional infection and uveitis.